Wagamama - What does the Japanese word wagamama mean

Word of the Day: wagamama Meaning: selfishness; egoism; willfulness Japanese characters: ã‚ Ã£ Å'㠁 ¾Ã£  ¾ Example: Kare wa hitorikko nanode, sukoshi wagamama na tokoro ga aru.Ã¥ ½ ¼Ã£  ¯Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã¤ º ºÃ£  £Ã¥ ­ Ã£  ªÃ£  ®Ã£  §Ã£â‚¬ Ã¥ °â€˜Ã£ â€"ã‚ Ã£ Å'㠁 ¾Ã£  ¾Ã£  ªÃ£  ¨Ã£ â€œÃ£â€š Ã£ Å'㠁‚る。 Translation: Being an only child, he is a little selfish. More Words of the Day: Previous wordNext wordWord of the Day by email

Reader Response to Sydneys Sonnets, Astrophil and Stella...

Reader Response to Sydneys Sonnets, Astrophil and Stella As we discussed Astrophil and Stella in class, I felt a familiar knot in my stomach. At first I could not pin-point the reasons for my aversion to these sonnets. However, as we discussed it in class, it became clear to me. I could identify with Penelope Devereux Rich. Although Astrophil and Stella could be interpreted as an innocent set of love sonnets to an ideal woman and not a particular woman, they reminded me of the letters I received last year from a guy, Lee Burt, I had not seen in seven years. He stalked me by mail and phone. I felt small and vulnerable, and in some ways, violated. I do not hold much higher opinions of Sir Philip Sydney. I would argue that Sydneys†¦show more content†¦He is sure that if Reason looked at Stella, it would kneel and offeredst straight to prove/ By reason good, good reason her to love. Lee spends a whole page attempting to convince Reason that his feelings are something more than hormonal. He mentions God often. I dont understand what Go ds plan, reason was for our paths to cross. For as long as I can remember Ive been praying and praying for God to show me the one - and every other time I think he points one out to me - it is just my hormones speaking. Sydney often mentions pity as well. Stanza 45 particularly addresses this, ending with the lines, Then think, my dear, that you in me do read/ Of lovers ruin some sad tragedy./ I am not I; pity the tale of me. With similar sentiments Lee tried to play on my pity. My life since the very beginning has been strange. Somehow no one had my problems, and frankly no one cared. I was left to face my problems alone with my family. We grew closer together-except my father. You know he was hardly ever around. You know of the incident we ran into out in Iowa. In fact, there is very little you dont know about me. By invoking pity, he can control and manipulate emotions. Patience is tried as the two writers futilely

Pawn Broking Business Business Statistics

Question: Discuss about Pawn Broking Business for Business Statistics. Answer: 1: Pawn broking business started in the early 19th century in Singapore. By the end of the 21st century, it serves the "white collar" customers in the country. Pacific Pawn Brokers is one of the leading pawn broking company, that operates in Hong Kong. The firm wants to start a business in Singapore. The company intends to be among the top three businesses in the country. So the company wishes to know about the state of the economy of the country for running this business. This requires statistical investigation of previous years data relating to the number of pledges received, the number of pledges redeemed; some loans are given, etc. A sample of monthly pawnshop data from the year 1980 to the year 2015 has been taken from the site of Department of Statistics, Statistical Tables from singstat Table Builder for the analysis (Tablebuilder.singstat.gov.sg, 2016).The figures of a monthly number of pledges received per month have been segmented into two parts - before the year 2000 and after the year 2000. Various descriptive statistics measures have been used to figure out the change in some pledges received. The data is basically a time series data. Plotting the values of No. Of pledges against the dates the above graph is obtained. The graph shows a steady increase in the costs from 1980 to May 2010 and a rapid growth in the values after that. No such outliers can be spotted from the graph. The measures of central tendency used are arithmetic mean and median (Boone and Boone 2012). The mean and the median values before the year 2000 has been 195988 and 194178 respectively. The costs for the years after 2000 are 264511 and 242501. There is a great change in central tendency values before and after 2000. The central tendency value reveals that the number of pledges after the year 2000 has increased more than 25%. The measures of dispersion used in this case are the range, inter quartile range and standard deviation (Bickel and Lehmann 2012). 90% of the values of a variable is expected to lie within the inter quartile range. A significant difference between the values of range and Inter quartile range indicates the presence of outlier ( Wan et al. 2014). Before the year 2000, the values of range and inter quartile range are 126519 and 41658.0 respectively while that after 2000 is 176498 and 88168 respectively. The difference between the range and inter quartile range is more for the years after 2000 than for the years before 2000. The standard deviation values for the number of pledges received before the year 2000 is 26975.98 while that after the year 2000 is 52275.27 The measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion values reveal that the number of pledges received after the year 2000 is rapidly growing. The values after 2000 are greatly dispersed and has a heavy-tailed distribution. The result means the numbers of pledge received is increasing very fast in the current years. This is also evident from the graph (Kołacz and Grzegorzewski 2016). 2: The mean value of number of pledges after the year 2000 is 264511.The probability that the sample mean is above 26000 has to be calculated. The likelihood of the value is computed to ensure if the sample is repeated will the value be also higher than 26000.The sample size is 188.As the scale of the sample is considerably large, (more than 30), the population standard deviation can be approximated by sample standard deviation. The distribution of the sample mean can be assumed to be a standard normal (Hoenig and Heisey 2012). So the probability that the sample mean is greater than 260000 is given by: =1-ф(1.18319) =1-0.19886 =0.80114. The upper and lower confidence limit is given by: UCL=Xbar +s/sqrt(n)*z LCL= Xbar-s/sqrt(n)*z The tabulated value of z at 90% level of significance is given by 1.282(Altman et al. 2013). So the confidence interval for pledge received after the year 2000 is: UCL=264511+3812.566*1.282=271199.205 LCL=264511-3812.566*1.282=261270.59425804 The confidence interval for pledged received before the year 2000 is: UCL=195988+1.282*1741.292=198159.483654 LCL=195988-1.282*1741.292=193688.516346 The confidence interval for the period before the year 2000 is (193424.667926,1948423.332074) and the confidence interval for the period after the year 2000 is (271199.25,261270.59425804). This means that if the sample is repeated as many times as required the value of the average will lie within this interval. So it can be concluded that the mean value for the period of the year 2000 is greater than the mean value before the year 2000. C.The assumptions made for the purpose of constructing the confidence interval are: 1.The population standard deviation has been approximated by sample standard deviation as the sample size is quite large. 2.The distribution of sample mean is assumed to be normal. If the sample standard deviation cannot be approximated by population standard deviation, then estimated value of sample standard deviation is to be used. Then the distribution of test statistic will be t distribution instead of standard normal(Aron, Coups and Aron 2013). The confidence interval will be: UCL= Xbar +s/sqrt(n)*t LCL= Xbar -s/sqrt(n)*t The value of t at 90% confidence limit for df = 191 is 1.660. Then the confidence interval will be (193097.5,198878.6) for the period before 2000 and (258182.2,270839.9) for the period after 2000(Kruschke 2013). 3: There has been a financial crisis in the year 2008-2009 which has made the director of the Pacific Pawn Brokers company to think that the amount of loans redeemed including interest has been lowered after this financial crisis. To verify the statement a test has been conducted to check whether the mean amount of loans redeemed before and after the financial crisis has changed significantly or not. Here 2 represents the mean amount of loans redeemed before 2009 and 1 represent the mean amount of loan redeemed after the year 2009.So to test whether the two mean values are equal, or the mean value has been increased after the financial crisis (2008-2009) is to test H0: against H1: 12(Bera, Galvao and Wang 2014). The value of population standard deviation has to be estimated from sample standard deviation. The test statistic for the purpose of testing is given by: T= Where sp denotes the square root of the pooled variance. Where s1 is the standard deviation of the first sample and s2 is the standard deviation of the second sample. The value of pooled variance is 136.8934. The test statistic is said to follow a t distribution with (n1+n2-2)=182 degrees of freedom. Under the null hypothesis, the value of the t statistic is 63.09618. The tabulated value of t statistic at 0.05% level of significance for degrees of freedom= 182 is 1.984.So the value of observed t is greater than tabulated value. Therefore the null hypothesis is rejected. The assumptions for the test of this hypothesis is that the variance that has been used for the purpose of the test statistic is pooled variance. Pooled variance of the sample can be used if the sample variance for each population is assumed to be equal. In this case, the two standard deviations are unequal. So instead of pooled variance, one can use the following statistic: The value of t statistic is then 11.66796.The value of t statistic is greater than observed value of t is 1.984, so the given hypothesis is rejected. 4: The above test suggests that the mean value for the period before the financial crisis and the period after the financial crisis are different. The amount of loan redeemed after the financial crisis has been increased. The test for whether the mean value of some credits redeemed before and after the year of the financial crisis has been done by taking the mean or the average values. It may often happen that the mean values are affected by outliers. To cater this problem, a robust measure has to be used test the hypothesis. For this, one can use the median test to determine whether the median value of the two tests are equal are not (Pan et al. 2014). In the median test, the hypothesis of the test is, H0:me1=me2 against H1:me1me2, where median 1 is the median for the sample of years before 2009 crisis and me 2 is the median of the years after 2009 financial crisis. The statistic for the test is: Z is said to follow a standard normal distribution. So the statistic is rejected at 5% level of significance if the calculated value of z is greater than 1.645. The calculated value of z is 135.9881.So the given hypothesis is rejected.That means the median of the two distribution are not equal(Brys, Hubert and Struyf 2012). The mean value has been calculated by taking only nine years before the financial crisis. But that was the period of economic instability. So there were great fluctuations in the figures of loans redemption with interest. The test will be better if the sample is taken from the year 1990.So a test for the mean value has been done by taking the sample from the year 1990 to 2009 and 2010 to 2015, and the arithmetic mean values were compared with the help of t-test.The test statistic for the test is: Where Is the mean value from the year 1990 to 2009.The value of the t statistic calculated from the test -0.26599. The value of t observed from the t table at 0.05 % level of significance for degrees of freedom is 301 is 1.667.As the value of t observed is less than t tabulated, the given hypothesis is accepted. So this sample also reveals that the amount of loans redeemed post-financial crisis year has been increased. References: Altman, D., Machin, D., Bryant, T. And Gardner, M. Eds., 2013.Statistics with confidence: confidence intervals and statistical guidelines. John Wiley Sons. Aron, A., Coups, E. And Aron, E.N., 2013.Statistics for The Behavioral and Social Sciences: Pearson New International Edition: A Brief Course. Pearson Higher Ed. Bera, A.K., Galvao, A.F. and Wang, L., 2014. On testing the equality of mean and quantile effects.Journal of Econometric Methods,3(1), pp.47-62. Bickel, P.J. and Lehmann, E.L., 2012. Descriptive statistics for nonparametric models IV. Spread. InSelected Works of EL Lehmann(pp. 519-526). Springer US. Boone, H.N. and Boone, D.A., 2012. Analyzing likert data.Journal of extension,50(2), pp.1-5. Brys, G., Hubert, M. And Struyf, A., 2012. A robust measure of skewness.Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics. Hoenig, J.M. and Heisey, D.M., 2012. The abuse of power.The American Statistician. Kołacz, A. And Grzegorzewski, P., 2016. Measures of dispersion for multidimensional data.European Journal of Operational Research,251(3), pp.930-937. Kruschke, J.K., 2013. Bayesian estimation supersedes the t test.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General,142(2), p.573. Pan, Y., Caudill, S.P., Li, R. And Caldwell, K.L., 2014. Median and quantile tests under complex survey design using SAS and R.Computer methods and programs in biomedicine,117(2), pp.292-297. Tablebuilder.singstat.gov.sg. (2016). Homepage | singstat Table Builder. [online] Available at: https://www.tablebuilder.singstat.gov.sg/publicfacing/mainmenu.action [Accessed 19 Aug. 2016]. Wan, X., Wang, W., Liu, J. And Tong, T., 2014. Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from the sample size, median, range and/or interquartile range.BMC medical research methodology,14(1), p.135.

Negativity of Polygamy free essay sample

Also, not only does it degrade ones society but according to statistics countries that allow polygamy starts to really descend economically and eventually become unstable compared to those who don’t allow polygamy. In other words, under polygamy there is no balance. Awareness of such issue is necessary for ones country to continue to strive. The Negative influences and Effects of Polygamy Polygamy can be quite troublesome for both the ones involved in the relationship and for the country in which polygamy is being practiced in. â€Å"Polygamy in the U. S. as never truly considered to be an institution or anything legally recognized or something that the western culture found adequate or normative† (Polygamy in the US, 2011). However, it has been present for a very long time and still remains very present to this day. First starting with the Natives Americans, polygamy soon found its way with the Mormons when polygamy was announced as a practice of the Church of Jesus Ch rist of Latter-day Saints in the 1830’s and 40’s (Origins of polygamy among the Mormons, 2008). We will write a custom essay sample on Negativity of Polygamy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Of course it happens with any marriage, some arrangements worked better than others, and some homes were happier than others. Some wives enjoyed their polygamous lifestyle while many hated it. In the end, no one can truly stay happy with a practice as such. Polygamy, itself, brings along more bad than good. Polygamy Defined polygamy comes from a variety of forms but the more prominent ones seem to be these three different forms: polygyny (where a man has more than two wives at the same time), polyandry (where a woman has more than one husband) and plural marriages, where a family is made out of multiple husbands and wives at the same time (Richman, 1997). Again, polygamy dates back to a very long time ago and was branched out all over the world. It was accepted quite well until the Roman Empire and the Roman Catholic Church imposed on rules limiting to only one wife. Upsetting the Equilibrium There are twice as many bad things as good about polygamy, but there is an issue that just makes polygamy so intrinsically wrong. By nature the determination of a baby’s sex before birth is very much random/ is a very random event. Magnificently, the ratio of men to women in society is usually about half and half with the exception of countries like China. The sole reason why China has an exceptionally large amount of boys rather than girls is due to their one-child policy. Like most Asian nations, China has a traditional bias for sons (Wei Xing amp; Hesketh, 2005). Many families abort female fetuses or abandon baby girls to ensure that their only child is a son. This leads one to the issue. China already has an problem with an overpopulation of males, even with the banning of polygamy there are still many out there who practices it because polygamy itself has been popular in China for thousands of years and many are still determined to bring it back. However, polygamy is not and will never be a solution to anything and will only dig a greater hole for the population issue. The problem with polygamy, if this was to occur on a widespread scale, it would create very negative societal issues (Chapman 2013). There would be a few key people who would end up with multiple spouses. Assuming a man ends up having five or more wives. With a 50/50 sex ratio, that would very likely mean that there would be around four men without a wife somewhere else. If this happens on a widespread basis, one will definitely to have a lot of bored, sexually frustrated people with too much time and money on their hands. When one country has too many bored and sexually frustrated people, there will, without a doubt, be more people out there committing crime and more rapists just trying to satisfy themselves. Thus, causing the numbers of crime rates to increase (Hamzah, 2010). One learns almost from birth that more is better, and the more the merrier. The bigger the population is the better. There are theories about birth rates which potentially encourage polygamy as the natural order of nature. Think about it; a female can only be a parent to one child every 9 months (on average) where as a male could conceivably father several children a day. Again, some people argue that the greater the population the better. A large population means a larger workforce, more resources, and so forth. So if one is simply aiming for a greater population then polygamy is definitely a potential option. However, that is not necessarily the case. With a big population one will have more mouths to feed, therefore more people needing to work, more poverty and bigger issues that can easily ruin the country. Equilibrium is important in everything. Polygamy doesn’t create equilibrium it destroys it. Financial and Family Complications Another thing about polygamy is the financial/tax and family issues that comes along with it. In a typical warm and loving monogamous family there are siblings. With siblings there are days where they will get along and there will be days where they seem like they are at war with one another. However, imagine, in a polygamous family where one has many siblings that comes from different mothers and are not being completely connected to one another, there must be an unimaginable amount of issues that comes up time after time (Hamzah, 2010). For example, who inherits what? How do the wives feel about all of this? Also aside from all of this Polygamy, hurts our economy as well. Many modern polygamists rely on the government as taxpayers for their financial problems (Cooper 2006). Although people might say otherwise, many people who have come out of polygamist backgrounds admit to dealing with emotional problems stemming from the polygamy (Hamzah, 2010). A large-scale study currently underway across Malaysia uncovers proof that polygamy harms everyone involved: from emotionally scarred children, to wives who think they’d be better off as single-parent households, and even husbands who admit that is extremely stressful. There will, most likely, be a lot of competition between the mothers to make sure the father does not neglect them or their children and to make sure they hold a certain place/ rank within the family. As for the kids, when a child grows up in the environment of stress and quarrels, he/she will become dysfunctional the rest of his/her life, they feel neglected and isolated at some point in life. No  wonder the incidence of child-dumping,  battered spouses, and delinquency. The signs are clear. Something is definitely wrong in the polygamous union. The difficulties of being a supportive, loving father are often noticed by the fathers themselves. Economically, polygamy makes it even more difficult for a father to provide for all of his children because it becomes more likely that he will have many children. When fathers fail to do so, the consequences are dire. Children and mothers experience emotional and financial depravation (Cooper, 2006).. Now-a-days it is quite very common for fathers to abandon their families when they cannot provide for them. However, this most likely would not happen because normally polygamist families usually rely on the government for everything. Polygamists have multiple wives and dozens of children, but the state only recognizes one marriage. That leaves the rest of the wives to claim themselves as single moms with armies of children to support, and so they gain a lot of support through welfare and such. Tax payer should really start recognizing/ realizing that the polygamists are the ones draining off their money (Cooper, 2006). Morality There are many people out there who are against polygamy due to religious reasons, because of their own personal values and morals. Those people are absolutely right. It is wrong and is a corruption of Gods perfect definition of marriage between husband and wife ( Smith, 2012). God’s original standard for mankind was for a husband and wife to become one flesh, polygamy was not intended. In polygamy there is usually no polyandry, where a woman is married to/ haves multiple husbands mainly because we live in a society where it is very male dominant. God created everyone to be equal not so men can take advantage of women and strip them of their freedom. Not only has that, polygamy, itself, brought along a risk factor for STDs and incest. Polygamist societies have created a way to stay in good standing with the church and society, while cheating on your spouse. Basically, if one gets tired of your current wife one doesn’t need to go through the hassle of a divorce, or the consequences of being called a cheater. They can simply marry another woman or turn to their other wives. Polygamist wives have the worst of all worlds. In all polygamous cultures, women have extremely low status. All must obey their husbands. Almost none get to choose who they marry, and many are married against their will too much older men (Rauch, 2006). Normally after marriage they end up being single parents, with lots of children, no help, little money and no mutual love or support. Again, most people would argue that women have the support of their other wives, but jealousy would stand in the way of that support. Women right is important. Legalizing and supporting polygamy would only reduce women’s rights. In a short period of time, 200 years of struggle for women’s rights would be gone within seconds (Rauch, 2006). Polygamy and incest are known by many people to be two different things and are worlds apart from one another. However, they are very much tied to one another/are interconnected. The problematic thing about polygamy is the young ones. In a polygamist family one will have children coming out from different parents. When the mothers get too tired of the life style they leave and they bring their kids along. As the kids grow up, sometimes fate plays a little trick, and they end up falling for someone they end up being related to but have no idea about. It’s not only the kids have brings along incest, it’s mainly the fathers. According to multiple polygamous cases many fathers end up marrying his daughters to have sexual intercourse with them to father even more kids because it is part of their â€Å"religion†. Myers, 2002) God made Adam and Eve so they have eyes for only one person, their sole mate, which in this case is one another. Due to polygamy males are used to being with multiple women instead of being committed to just one sole person. The definition of moral is different for everyone (in general) and so whether polygamy is immoral or not it really depends on how one looks at it (Smith, 2 012) Currently, of course, polygyny is illegal in the U. S. and has been since the Edmunds-Tucker Act of 1887 was passed but it doesn’t mean that there aren’t people out there practicing it. These days polygamy involves old men and young girls. It’s mainly rich men who end up with multiple wives because technically they can and are capable of doing whatever they will. Way back when, polygamy was necessary for survival. When people got sick thousands of years ago, usually they just died. So people had to have more than one spouse with whom they could reproduce many more offspring then the majority does today, because it was likely that one or more of their children would die. Likewise, guess it was necessary for girls, as well as guys to marry and reproduce earlier in life, due to a much shorter life span However, in todays world, we dont have the same problems that afflicted our ancestors. Not only do we live longer, healthier lives, but we know so much more about how human beings develop, both physically, mentally and emotionally. We know the type of damage sexual, emotional  and physical  assault/abuse causes in a child, or young adult. With polygamy there are emotional issues. How do the wives feel? How about the children? In such a large family there has to be competition. It is so rare that every individual child receives the same amount of love from their father. On top of that there are fathers out there that will neglect his very own children, as if neglecting isn’t already bad enough, there are also some that will rape their own kids (Myers, 2002). It is immoral to willingly and freely inflict this kind of mental, physical and emotional anguish on anyone, especially a child. All in all, polygamy is wrong and there is no doubt about it. Not only does it go against god’s words and his reason for the creation of mankind but it also causes the population to become unbalanced. There are many men out there who secretly have multiple wives. Think about it, with a population ratio of 50: 50 if a man has multiple wives then there must be someone/ people out there who don’t have anyone. This in general leads to more desperate cases of rape, suicide and etc. In order to solve such an issue it is wise to get rid of polygamy for good and not just let people slide on through and do it secretly (Rauch, 2006). Polygamy, itself, was never sanctioned by god/ the church and is not accepted by society and should remain that way. To help it remain that way . we shall show no mercy for those who practice it. Works Cited Chapman, L. ( 2013).